Crime And Its Effects On Society - 1540 Words

There are many kinds of crimes. Crime affects all people, even the ones who are not directly involved. â€Å"Crime imposes significant costs and negative consequences to people globally† (Wickramasekera 2015; 218). The costs of crime can be very high, and that is based on every aspect not just monetary. In today’s world, people spend a lot of money to protect themselves from becoming victims of crimes. When a serious crime happens in one community, people in that community will take the necessary precautions that they believe will prevent that crime from happening again. Depending on the severity of the crime, it can also affect people in other communities not only the people in the community where the crime happened. However, many times the†¦show more content†¦al. 2017; 123). Thus, how far will almost $6,000 get individuals who lost their vehicle? We all know that is not enough to get a car in good condition that will last at least for few years. Maybe it is enough to get a motorcycle or motor scooter but definitely not enough for a decent car. Also, individuals get the money for their stolen vehicles from their insurance companies. But what about their stolen TVs, computers, the money they kept at home, and any other property they had at their house? No one insures their TV, computer or the cash money they keep at home. Once they are stolen, the only way that individuals might get their property back is if the burglar/s is/are caught. If, not that will just cost victims more money out of their pocket. Victims of crime often find themselves overloaded with medical bills. According to the National Crime Prevention Council, crimes such as rape and sexual assault cost victims approximately around $7,700 to get proper medical health care (Mooney et. al. 2017; 123). Any type of treatment is costly now days. We are aware that everything spins around money in today’s world, and even the people in the medical field are trying to make as much money as they can, particularly doctors. This includes, â€Å"directing patients from public institutes to private doctor’s offices†, recommending unnecessary medications, giving unreal descriptions of the patients’ conditions, etc. (Fathi 2016). When victims of crime findShow MoreRelatedCrime And Its Effect On Society Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of time crime has always been factor in humanity. In the bible, crime started from Adam and Eve the first man and women. From eating of the forbidden tree to current s tage of time, crime has become a part of the human society. However, what is considered a crime and what is not is something that is still controversial. Crime can be defined as a wrong doing by an individual that another individual or groups of individual consider to be criminal. Because the definition of crime is based on humanRead MoreCrime And Its Effect On Society881 Words   |  4 PagesEvery society has codes, standards, behaviors and activities that are deemed appropriate and suitable to the greater good of the members of society. This implies that any activity or behavior that is contrary to the social code of any community is considered a crime. Anything deemed as an anti-social act falls in this category (Ainsworth, 2000). Different societies have various scales to measure what is perceived as crime and what is not. There are various ways in which a society decides whatRead MoreCrime And Its Effect On Society Essay2359 Words   |  10 Pages Crime. Crime is rampant in today’s society and exists in all cultures. Victimless crimes and inane laws have been enacted, making common and harmless acts are a crime. The application of most laws, with its accompanied prosecution, has become a source of revenue for municipalities and county offices. The management of the prison and disciplinary observation has been outsourced to privatised corporations that specialize in the day to day operations of these societal needs. There has also beenRead MoreCrime And Its Effect On Society1982 Words   |  8 PagesIndividuals carry out wrongdoing since they see the advantages; Crimes that have been perpetrated are more often than not for individual additions or delight whether that is taking, false exercises, and assault. However fundamentally investigating Crime and its qualities, criminologist would concur that there s significantly more to wrongdoing. Everybody cherishes a decent deal. For a few individuals, nonetheless, the journey to secure more for less incorporates the desire to get something to noRead MoreCrime And Its Effect On Society Essay2014 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Crime prevalently commits around the globe either at the past time or even in this present and ongoing society. Crime is not commendable to commit in any society, however, we cannot rule out the possibility that, it is there as a complex issue and could be explained as a part of society life. So, what crime actually is? Crime delineates as an illegal act either against law, collective wellbeing, or even political wellbeing (Bradley Walters, 2011). It then overall deems as a kindRead MoreViolent Crimes And Its Effects On Society1699 Words   |  7 Pagesproperty. Life is held as the highest regards in our society, since its is non replaceable or nonrestrictive. I predict violent crimes has a higher clearance levels of arrests. Than that of crimes that least affect a potential victim, such as property crimes. Because, many police agencies lack proper funding , which results in minimum officers. Which results in higher priorities targeted towards the investigations, and manpower to violent crimes. Which our more known to the public, and tarnish aRead MoreComputer Crime And Its Effect On Society932 Words   |  4 PagesComputer crime has been an issue since the 1970s. Computer crimes have been categorized in two ways. First is a physical activity in which criminals steal computers. Second is that in which criminals commit crimes using computers. The recent development of the Internet has created a substantial increase in criminals commit crimes using computers. Thus, an emerging area of criminal behavior is cyber crime. Computer crimes mostly affect to a lot of areas of the society. When we work with computersRead MoreSex Crimes And Its Effects On Society988 Words   |  4 Pages When talking about sex crimes the public goes in an uproar because it’s an emotional topic and can have a critical effect on any person. Sex offenses are nothing new and have been happing for years, but because everything is so mainstream now the public is more informed. Sex offenses are so against society’s norms that offenders are seen as the worst of the worst, but are also feared the most because offenders come in all shapes in sizes. Initially, sex crime offenders were understood to be a strangerRead MoreA Brief Note On Crime And Its Effect On Society838 Words   |  4 Pages31: Criminology How much crime exists in the UK? P1,P2 Crime in relation to deviance is similar, outcomes and consequences differ but the principle is the same. Crime is possibly relative to society, interpreted by based views and morals built up on normative judgement. In the latter, one could say society creates deviants resulting in crime. If there was no laws to be broken then crime would not exist. Norms in society are the foundations of evil and good, people use norms as a way to perceiveRead MoreCrime Recidivism And Its Effects On Society3046 Words   |  13 Pages1% of the population is psychopathic and yet, they commit more than 50% of serious crimes and their crime recidivism is three times more likely than other criminals (how to create a psychopath). It is irrefutable that despite the fact that psychopaths do not comprise much of the population, they are dangerous and menacing to society. Their crimes are callous and gruesome, and often have a profound impact on society as psychopaths prey on as many people as they can, part icularly vulnerable people,

Essay on The Life and Achievements of Aristotle - 1194 Words

Aristotle was born in 384 BC. In Stagira, a small town northern Greece. He had one older brother and one sister. His father, Nicomachus, was a doctor. His mother, Phaestis, came from the island of Euboea. She was wealthy. Owning a house which later remained in the family after she married Nicomachus. There are hardly any personal details of Aristotle because he lived so long ago. The little details we know are mostly from a Greek Historian named Diogenes Laertius. In his book he said that Aristotle had a lisp when he spoke and had small eyes. His attire, rings, and haircut were easily noticeable. Education in Greece was boys usually went to private schools when they were around six years old. They were taught reading, writing, and†¦show more content†¦He died when Aristotle was only ten years old. His mother, Phaestis died around the same time. Aristotle was left an orphan. Since Aristotle had no teacher, he ended his career in medicine. Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. When Aistotle arrived in Athens in 367 B.C. the academy was 12 years old. The philosopher Plato was the director. Plato’s teachings were linked to the teachings of Socrates. Forty years earlier, when Plato was twenty, he had met the great philosopher and and immediately became his devoted student. After Socrates death, Plato left Athens and spent twlve years traveling in Greece, Egypt, Italy, and Sicily. After his traveling he then decided to become a teacher. In ancient Greece teachers held class in the streets and in the marketplace. If not enough students were gathered they would move out and look for another city. Plato didn’t like that style of teaching o he decided to buy land and set up a permanent school. The school became known as The Academy. Classes were held outdoors. The teachings they focused on were politics and philosophy. But philosophy was the more deep subject. It covered physics and astronomy. Plato’s desire was to give students knowledge and wisdom. As Aristotle attended the academy it was an exciting and environment for an eager student. Aristotle earned the nickname Anagnostes, which means the reader. Aristotle later rejected Plato’s views and developed his ownShow MoreRelatedAristotles Legacy Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pa gesExtraordinary achievements have been made through ancient civilizations. Philosophers that have changed the way we look at things every day came from the ancient Greek world, especially during the prosperous Golden Age of Athens, Greece. Aristotle, a famous philosopher, taught his philosophy during this period of time in Greece. Using his intellect and astounding ideas, Aristotle created a legacy that influenced people for ages. To start off, Aristotle was a widely known philosopherRead MoreThe Role Of Happiness . â€Å"Happiness Is The Meaning And The1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Happiness â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Aristotle). In ethics, we study the place of morality in a social construct, where happiness is the core of ethical concern. Happiness for the individual, happiness for the majority, happiness for nature. What is the key to a happy life? Aristotle believes the key is eudaimonia, or a state of having a good soul or being in a contented state of being healthy, happy, and prosperousRead MoreHistorical Events That Took Place During The Classical Period1458 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Literature I Historically Significant Influences of Aristotle During the Classical Period, 500-232 BCE, Greece was at the peak of its political and cultural achievement. This was also a time of war, most noteworthy being the vast empire created by Alexander the Great. In a period containing such an immense amount of historical significance there is no doubting that it had influenced the people born. Notorious philosopher Aristotle is no exception, contributing a great deal to the fields ofRead MoreEthical Egoism, Ethical Altruism, And Eudaimonia1660 Words   |  7 Pageswas the dropping of the religious association of the word, and there was association of eudaimonia with having success, happiness and flourishing in life. Having unearthed the definitions of the terms, the discussion shall determine the differences between ethical altruism and ethical egoism, and how the aspects of Aristotle can aid the achievement of eudaimonia. As observed above, altruism puts the concerns of the other person at the forefront. Post, Underwood Schloss et. al. (3) note that forRead MoreTrue Happiness Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesEthics, happiness is the ultimate end of humanity, as everything humans do is done in order to obtain it, and it is gained via the achievement of full excellence of the soul. Happiness is the greatest of all human good, because, as an end, it is an end unto itself, meaning that humans do not use it as a means to any other end. It is not conditional happiness that Aristotle lauds, but rather something that is more akin to the modern definition of joy. The practice of virtue, both intellectual and moralRead MoreSimilarity Between Religion And Utilitarianism813 Words   |  4 Pagesassert that religion is utilitarian. The views of Aristotle and those of Mills on ethics are different. While Aristotle’s focuses on individual happiness, Mill focuses on the happiness of the community as a whole. Mill and Aristotle had very different views on individual happiness. Mill believed that pleasure and the absence of pain are what make an individual happy. On the other hand, Aristotle believed that happiness arises from virtue. Aristotle argues that virtue, which is a trained faculty ofRead More Aristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Aristotle seeks flourishing happiness in life. He believes that this can be achieved for each individual through the embracement of virtues. Aristotle believes that virtues are the mean of two vices. This is the basis of the Aristotelian â€Å"Doctrine of the Mean†. This paper will explore the basis of the Doctrine of the Mean, its connections to Eudaimonia, and its success or lack thereof. Eudaimonia is a Greek word whose meaningRead MoreThe Well Being Aristotle And Human Happiness1000 Words   |  4 PagesOur Well-Being: Aristotle and Human Happiness What is the purpose of a human being? â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Nicomachean Ethics). When one thinks about happiness, these words said by Aristotle allow us to understand its significance. Through Aristotle’s teachings, he made it clear that the point of life is to be happy. Aristotle uses the word happiness as having to do with a person’s life as a whole, and not as the constant desireRead MoreContemporary Civilizations : An Essential Part Of An Individual s Highest Level Of Achievement1461 Words   |  6 Pagescommunities different texts discuss, we have come across the conversation relating an individual’s inner nature and his (or her) external circumstances. Up to the point of Teresa de Cartagena’s texts, writers argue that an individual’s highest level of achievement is primarily influenced by their internal nature and only secondarily reinforced by external circu mstances. Teresa’s argument contradicts this idea. Since the purpose of this course is to discuss texts reexamine the values on which we establishRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Happiness By Aristotle1156 Words   |  5 Pages The pursuit of happiness is the reason for our existence (Aristotle, 2004) The Greek word that usually gets translated as happiness is eudaimonia, and like most translations from ancient languages, there is a loss of deeper meaning in translation. According to Aristotle happiness (eudaimonia) is the central purpose of human life and a goal in itself (Aristotle, 2004) (Creed, Wardman 1963). Because of this ideology, Aristotle devoted much of his time discussing and explaining this philosophy (Hughes

Management and Organization Global Environment

Question: Discuss about theManagement and OrganizationforGlobal Environment. Answer: Introduction: Global business environment or Global environment indicates to the nations that exist outside of the home environment of the organization. These nations influence the decision of the organization regarding their usage of the resources (Benton and Redclift 2013). The assessment delves through a systematic observation of the key ideas and application through case studies of the national and organizational culture that changes and transforms the work culture in different countries depending on the social norms. The Nature of Globalization: National Culture Key Ideas: The cross-border interactions, the changing of the workplace atmosphere, global environment influencing the management of resources and the cross-cultural influence play the key roles in the national culture of an organization. Now as globalization tends to blur the virtual borders of the countries the cultural dimensions play important roles in the management of global environment of a company. In fact, one of the significant features of globalization focuses on the increasing integration of the local, normative culture with the culture of the organization, its activities, and terms. Foreign organization, to settle in a new country means to involve in its culture through the employees leading to a mix-cultured atmosphere, which not always proves to be helpful for the employees of different cultural and national background. In this context, the power distance index of Geert Hofstede is significantly relevant. The aspect indicates to the degree in which less powerful members of a soci ety accept and expect the power is distributed unequally (Geert-hofstede.com 2016). For example, an article mentions in the website of AACSB, the members of high power distance, Malaysia accept status differences and are expected to show proper respects to their superiors. However, the members of high power distance' regarding belonging from a different country are expected to accept the work culture and the terms of the country. Similar dimensions are applicable for the companies coming to a new country to establish a business. Case Study Reference: Geert Hofstede, mentioned about the cross-cultural misunderstandings that emerge when people hailed from a different cultural scenario interview the other, in his case when the American interviewers interviewed the Dutch applicants as he mentions, "American candidates, to Dutch eyes, oversell themselves. Their CVs are worded in superlatives" (Geert-hofstede.com 2016). The inevitable result of such a cross-cultural misunderstanding resulted in the rejection of the application of Hofstede. . However, Hofstede went on mentioning the position of the Dutch in American eyes; Dutch undersell' themselves and their CVs are 'short' requiring a lot of questions to be asked. To an American interviewer, a Dutch applicant seems to be more like a sucker. To an uninitiated Dutch interviewer an American applicant turns out to be a braggart" (Geert-hofstede.com 2016). The case indicates to the problems of cross-cultural notion of different nations for other countries. Such cases are not different and intercultural confusions often lead to unpredictable results. In this context, the theory of Hofstede regarding Power-Distance plays relevant role. In the framework of the theory, the difference of status can exist within the hierarchy of organization but can differ based on social position, class or age. In the incident mentioned above, the preconceived notion of the Americans for the Dutch influences their opinion of them that reflects on the interview results. Thereby, the role played by Dutch based on their role in the society and class differentiated their status from the Americans. However, Organizational Behavior is necessary regarding controlling and managing such confusions in the existing atmosphere of cross-cultural influence in the workplace (Pieterse 2015). Organizational Culture and Management: Key Ideas: In the context of organizational culture and management Means-Goals, Internally-Externally driven, Work control, orientation towards work, acceptance of leadership, identification with the organization and systems play the key importance. The management of organizational culture in important in a workplace for as Duncan Kitchin mention "if management could work out what a successful culture looked like, then they would be able to design and impose such a culture, and the organization could move rapidly to being more successful, however success was defined (kitchin 2013). The fundamental idea of control hereafter remains relevant. As the traits of the impact of globalization on National culture, to prevent the cross-cultural confusion influencing the behavioral trait of an organization, the management needs to control the impact of different cultures on the organizational behavior. However, adopting the organizational behavior thus creates an organizational culture for all the employe es of same or different cultures resulting in the increasing productivity and profitability (positive performance) of the company. The orientation of the employees and work is important in maintaining the organizational culture for it defines the responsibility of the organization towards the employees. The conflict lies the attitude of the management towards the employees; they take responsibility for the welfare of the people versus the managerial belief that if they dont put their people under pressure nothing will happen (Hofstede 1991). Moreover, an important key idea is the identification of the employees with the organization that leads to the adaptation of the same organizational behavior creating a well-proportionate corporate culture. Case Study Reference: Duncan kitchin put an example on the importance of Organizational culture and its management. It is as he mentions; organizational culture emerged as a matter of interest in the 70s when analysts began to analyze the reason behind the Japanese companies being successful than other companies, on the world scenario, resulting in a rapid growth in the number of industries. Japanese cars, motorcycles, electronics, to name a few products and industries, were dominating the world market. Inevitably, the national industries in the other portions of the world came under some important competition resulting in a loss in market profit. Some firms went bankrupt and had to reduce resources. The conclusion drawn after several research and survey was that the organizational culture within the Japanese firms (organizations) curved the way of difference (kitchin 2013). A key factor in this formation of organizational culture can be the personality, values and beliefs that the employees of the organization share. They can as well be the managerial control that has identified the cultural trait for the company that has been put to be the culture of the organization and the organization has moved to be more successful. However, to follow the metaphor of Schein for organizational culture as an iceberg (Frederick 2014), the case study of the Japanese company can be defined further, depending on the basic assumptions that all member of the company believes. Moreover, the technological progress and the behavior of the employees tend to be the artifacts that result in the profitability of the enterprise. Conclusion: The effect of globalization that has blurred the borders allows people from all over the globe to be a part of another nation. It eventually invites changes in the cultural and behavioral changes of an organization. The social norms of the concerned country, language and culture play significant roles in the management and the work culture of the organization that influences the management and organization of a global company to change its traits in several nations. Reference: Aacsb.edu.(2016).[online]Availableat:https://www.aacsb.edu/~/media/AACSB/Publications/CDs%20and%20DVDs/GLOBE/readings/national-cultural-differences-and-multinational-business.ashx [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016] Benton, T. and Redclift, M., 2013.Social theory and the global environment. Routledge. Dunning, J.H., 2014.The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Frederick, P.R., 2014. Organisational Behaviour and its Role in Management of Business.Global Journal of Finance and Management,6(6), pp.563-568. Geert Hofstede, Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, Intellectual Cooperation and its Importance for Survival. Harper Collins, 1991, pp. 79. Geert-hofstede.com. (2016).Dimensions - Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016]. Kitchin, D., 2013.An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers. Routledge. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield.

What were the moral dilemmas facing writers in a communist country in order to be published Essay Example

What were the moral dilemmas facing writers in a communist country in order to be published Essay The artists along with the writers of any nation have always been and, as we can see through precedent, will continue to be greatly affected by the political structure that prevails. Therefore, in order to answer the given question, lots of aspects have to be taken into consideration, some of them being concepts like ‘ketman’, the true essence of the communist ideology, the ‘new faith’, Marxism and other interlinked concepts, with ‘The Captive Mind’ by Milosz being used as one of the primary sources.To start off, one needs to understand the ideology behind communism and its basic objectives.   In theory, Communism is a political arrangement and a socio-economic principle, which aims to promote an unrestricted and stateless civilization founded on ordinary tenure and control of the ways of production. Communism is therefore a solution to the problems of capitalism, imperialism and nationalism and according to Karl Marx, a socialist; the working class is the main means of wealth generation in a society and should therefore replace the capitalist class as the ruling class in order to avoid being exploited by them. He believed that that an eventual people’s revolution would indicate the final stage of communism in any society and this would result in a society free of force where all decisions like what to produce and how much to produce would be taken democratically.With the obvious plus points of communism, the several negatives can simply not be ignored. Very bluntly put, communism is simply a utopian plan to enforce complete economic equality and achieve this by means of forced income redistribution and economic management. The practicality of this goal can be challenged without much difficulty. It mail failure can be contributed to the failure of a centralized economy to function since it is mathematically and physically impossible to manage an economy from a centralized formAnother far-fetched concept is that of having complete control over industries, and this means ALL the industries that may or may not be linked to one another. The workability of this is also doubtful. As for the theoretical failures of communism, absolute impartiality of all revenues is not possible to achieve since it has a negative effect on productivity. With equality, the incentive to work harder and do better simply disappears.As far as writers are concerned, the ‘free will’ aspect under a communist regime is what matters the most to them, and it needs to be understood that no matter what, free will cannot be suppressed. This is precisely what Communism attempts to do. It aims to control human individualism by making a society completely uniform in spite of the fact that it consists of separate individuals. People cannot be forced to comply to a certain mindset since thought is free and independent and cannot be fully controlled under any circumstances, and this is just a simple clause of the human na ture. Therefore, as a continuation of this, it can safely be concluded that since communism may only achieve full compliance through force, it is not meant to last and this is precisely what led to the demise of communism throughout the world when opinions and ideologies different from the government were tried to put to an end.To curtail or limit the free will of humans means to challenge the human nature as created by God. Be it communism or socialism, it is simply not possible to have unopposed, uniform agreement to the will of the government because humans are not robots and cannot be programmed to think a certain way. They are bound to ask questions and look for alternatives and this is why the success of a communist regime is short lived.With all of that said and explained, one wonders how then is survival possible under a communist regime, especially for writers. What is it that they are expected to do and how does that conflict with what they want to do? To answer all such q uestions, the communism in Central Europe in the 20the century can be taken as an example. From that, branches out Czeslaw Milosz, the poet who wrote of modern cruelties, and his book ‘The Captive Mind.’ His experience well explains the situation that writers faced in central Europe.Milosz survived the Nazi invasion of Poland and is famous for his book ‘The Captive Mind’ which he wrote immediately after he received political asylum in Paris after his break with Poland’s Communist government. Milosz learned from his experience as an underground writer during World War II and wrote critiques on the role that communism played in the lives of intellectuals.In his early years Milosz, along with many other writers got fascinated by ‘The New Faith’ or to some of the idealized aspects of Marxism which truly supports a communist system. But even then, he was strictly against dictatorship of any sort. Later on, he chose to condemn the New Faith be cause of all the harm it caused to the intellectual ability of individuals and also how Communism crushed the spiritual values of people. He was disgusted by the way truth was manipulated to promote the political ideology of a communist party as it seemed unfair to the people. There was no freedom of criticism and no media was allowed to be published if it opposed the government or its leaders: in all, there was no freedom of speech.Throughout World War II, Milosz witnessed the Holocaust and was a lively author in the Resistance Movement. Later on, after his defection, Milosz’s works were banned in Poland but he continued to publish his works in English.‘The Captive Mind’ was amid the very influential books that denounced the communist beliefs. It centers around four gifted Polish men who have, in one way or the other; give in to the demands of the Communist state. Through their example, Milosz shows the effects that communism has on intellectuals, writers in par ticular who are expected to succumb to the wants of those.This is where the concept of Ketman needs to be explained in order to thoroughly understand the circumstances in a communist state. By definition, Ketman would be the act of showing obedience to a man or a party in power, in spite of having personal views and opinions that conflict with theirs. Its main purpose is survival in a place where you cannot openly condemn the system that prevails. During a similar time period, the cold war, The Captive Mind was the analysis of the morally corrupting and the intellectually deprived character of the Soviet.â€Å"The philosophy of history emanating from Moscow is not just an abstract theory; it is a material force that uses guns, yanks, planes and all the machines of war and oppression. All the crushing might of an armed state is hurled against any man who refuses to accept the New Faith† (Milosz, 221)In this quote from the Captive Mind, Milosz clearly explains the situation and therefore the need to practice Ketman; an act practiced by parents and children alike in order to avoid trouble with the ruling communist party.However, in spite of this, Milosz added positivity by saying,â€Å"Still, it is not hard to imagine the day when millions of obedient followers of The New Faith may suddenly turn against it.† (Milosz, 221)As far as writers are concerned, there is a long list of those who were initially firm and dedicated believers of Communism but were later repelled by it. This occurrence is common and can be explained if the nature of a writer is understood.   A writer is almost always a sensitive person, sensitive to the surroundings, sensitive to the environment, sensitive to the happenings. During the 20th century, it was natural of them to be attracted to a system that promised equality, an equivalent allocation of wealth and resources held by the common man. It seemed fair. It seemed right. The picture painted my Karl Marx and other supporte rs of Communism seemed too perfect and this is why it had the tendency to gather immense support from initial followers and similarly, many writers got caught in the same net.However, as time elapsed and the Soviet reality came into play, the practicality of a Communist system got to all those who initially supported it. This was a system that did not permit a writer to express his/ her opinions, to tell the truth, or to openly criticize what seemed wrong. Apart from all the state matters, power and supervision of arts, media, culture and literature was also a basic practice with new sets of rules for writers, publishers, and theaters. A single purpose of socialist-communist education was devised. The rest of the drawbacks and failures of Communism have already been mentioned above.The moral obligations of writers in a communist nation are therefore mainly individual. They differ from person to person depending to the intellectual priorities of a particular writer.According to some, Communism is the best thing that can happen to man as it promises abundance and great respect for the human personality. In such a situation, this particular writer is obliged to bring to the forefront everything that contributes towards this cause.Others may have an entirely different view and may value the morals of an intellectual more. They would assume the responsibilities of inculcating human qualities in man through their writings. In essence, even those who don’t believe in literature having an effect on the ethics of man would agree in the educating power of literature in a communist setup. Such writers would concentrate on promoting goodness, truth and beauty of man and they will only be able to do so if their own moral qualities have been perfected.To conclude, it can safely be said that the moral obligations of a writer under a communist regime remain simple if he can understand the educative rule of literature. Once he succeeds in doing this, he can later go on to establish himself by avoiding didacticism. He will realize that it is his duty to remain truthful and not succumb to the pressures of any communist force since he has a moral responsibility towards the masses.In short, a writer’s moral obligation is to be fair; expose evil in all its forms and depict the goodness that is to be seen. Irrespective of what each writer takes his individual moral responsibility to be, at the end of the day, it is his duty to show a clear picture, both sides of the coin, and leave it up to the readers to make their judgments instead of his own judgment being forced upon them.References:Milosz, Czeslaw. The Captive Mind. New York: Harvest, 1951. Page 221Anderson, Raymond H. â€Å"Czeslaw Milosz, Poet and Nobelist Who Wrote of Modern Cruelties, Dies at 93.†Ã‚   The New York Times 15 August. 2004: 41.Parker, Ralph. â€Å"Young Soviet Writers About Themselves.† Problems of Literature 1962. http://www.sovlit.com/bonus/youngwriters/.Hitc hens, Christopher. â€Å"The Captive Mind Now.† 30 Aug. 2004 , Retrieved From http://www.slate.com/id/2105821/